Force-Torque Sensors

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Overview

Force-torque (F/T) sensors mounted at the robot wrist between arm and end effector measure the six-component wrench (three forces, three torques) applied at the tool center point. This feedback enables robots to perform compliant manipulation tasks — assembly with tight tolerances, grinding and deburring, polishing, safe physical human-robot contact — that are impossible with position control alone. The force-torque sensor market is a high-value, defensible niche with limited competition: ATI Industrial Automation (US), Robotiq (Canada), and Bota Systems (Switzerland) are the dominant players with ROS 2 support, while JR3 (US) is community-supported.

Companies

Startups & Development Partners

Company HQ Stage Mission
Bota Systems Zürich, Switzerland Growth (ETH Zürich spinout) SensONE family of compact F/T sensors with on-board signal processing and EtherCAT/USB/SPI interfaces; vendor-supported ROS 2 driver.
Robotiq Lévis, Québec, Canada Private (acquired by OnRobot 2023) FT 300S force-torque sensor; integrated with Robotiq gripper ecosystem and Universal Robots e-Series; Gold MoveIt Pro integration via PickNik.

Incumbents

Ticker Company Relevance
ATI Industrial Automation Apex, NC, USA (Novanta subsidiary) World’s largest F/T sensor manufacturer; Gamma, Delta, Theta series; used in surgical robots, industrial assembly, and precision manufacturing; no public ROS 2 driver.
JR3 Woodland, CA, USA Long-established F/T sensor maker; community-supported ROS 2 driver (rosjr3).

Entries

  • Bota Systems — Zürich, Switzerland force-torque sensor startup; ETH Zürich spinout; SensONE series provides 6-axis F/T sensing with on-board processing and multiple bus interfaces; vendor-supported ROS 2 driver; targeted at compliant manipulation and human-robot collaboration.